The Isma'ili da'wa encompassed extra- and intra-ummatic forms and blended both theology and politics. Moreover, for the Isma'ilis, da'wa was a state priority. Isma'ilis, in many ways, can be seen as the pioneers of the organized Muslim missionary activities: their highly institutionalized and sophisticated da'wa structure has hardly been repeated until today. Da'wa as a truly missionary activity, albeit still within the Muslim Umma, appeared in the form of the Isma'ili da'wa of the 9th through 13th centuries. However, the 'Abbasid da'wa ceased as soon as the 'Abbasids were in power-a fact that attests to its political nature.
Da'wa came into wider usage almost a hundred years after Muhammad's death, in the wake of 'Abbasid propaganda against the then ruling Umayyad clan in the 720s. Post-Muhammad Īfter Muhammad's death in 632, from the available historical evidence, it appears that after Muhammad's death Muslims did not immediately embark upon da'wa activities-during and after the rapid conquests of the Byzantine and Persian lands, they ventured little if at all to preach to local non-Muslims. He was sent to Yathrib (now Medina) to teach the people the doctrines of Islam and give them guidance. Mus`ab ibn `Umair was the first Muslim envoy in September 621. This is mentioned in the Sunni Hadith Sahih al-Bukhari, 5:59:628. ĭuring the Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid (Banu Jadhimah) in January 630, Muhammad sent Khalid ibn Walid to invite the Banu Jadhimah tribe to Islam.
70 Muslims were killed during this expedition. Then during the Expedition of Bir Maona in July 625 Muhammad sent some missionaries at the request of some men from the Banu Amir tribe, but the Muslims were again killed in revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan by Muhammad's followers. A number of missionaries were killed in this expedition, either eight or, according to another account, ten. Some men came to Muhammad and requested that Muhammad send instructors to teach them Islam, but the men were bribed by the two tribes of Khuzaymah, who wanted revenge for the assassination of Khalid bin Sufyan (Chief of the Banu Lahyan tribe) by Muhammad's followers. Main article: List of expeditions of Muhammadĭuring the Expedition of Al Raji in 625, Muhammad sent some men as missionaries to various different tribes. Thus, when used in the first centuries of Islam, it usually referred to that message and was sometimes used interchangeably with sharī‘a and dīn.ĭa‘wah is also described as the duty to "actively encourage fellow Muslims in the pursuance of greater piety in all aspects of their lives", a definition which has become central to contemporary Islamic thought. When used in the Qur'an, it generally refers to Allah's invitation to live according to His will. In sura (chapter) 30:25, for example, it denotes the call to the dead to rise on the Day of Judgment. The term da'wah has other senses in the Qur'an. A Muslim who practices da‘wah, either as a religious worker or in a volunteer community effort, is called a dā‘ī ( داعي, plural du‘āh دعاة ).Ī dā‘ī, is a person who invites people to understand and accept Islam through dialogue and other techniques, may be regarded as a missionary inviting people to the faith, prayer and manner of Islamic life. Grammatically, the word represents a gerund of a verb with the triconsonantal root d-ʕ-w دعو meaning variously "to summon" or "to invite". Da‘wah literally means "issuing a summons" or "making an invitation".
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